AMNA NAWAZ: Good evening.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

GEOFF BENNETT: And I'm Geoff Bennett.

On the "News Hour" tonight: Israel threatens to target Iran's supreme leader after an Iranian missile strike on a hospital in Southern Israel.

AMNA NAWAZ: We unpack more of what's in congressional Republicans' massive budget bill, including a rollback to the Affordable Care Act.

GEOFF BENNETT: And two men team up to make a grilling product entirely in the U.S.

It's a journey that highlights the hurdles businesses face in the wake of President Trump's tariffs.

DESTIN SANDLIN, Host, "Smarter Every Day": Making something in America is very, very difficult.

And you almost have to go against the economic forces to try to make it happen.

(BREAK) GEOFF BENNETT: Welcome to the "News Hour."

As the fighting between Israel and Iran now eclipses one week, President Trump said today that he will temporarily hold off on deciding whether the U.S. would get involved.

AMNA NAWAZ: Mr. Trump said he will make his decision within two weeks to allow space for peace talks that could start as soon as tomorrow.

In the meantime, Israel and Iran show no signs of backing down, with more and more civilians getting caught in the crossfire.

Tonight, as the region awaits word on whether President Trump will launch U.S. forces... KAROLINE LEAVITT, White House Press Secretary: Good afternoon, everyone.

AMNA NAWAZ: ... White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt today made clear the president's decision is weeks away, not days, to allow space for dialogue.

KAROLINE LEAVITT: I have a message directly from the president -- and I quote -- "Based on the fact that there's a substantial chance of negotiations that may or may not take place with Iran in the near future.

I will make my decision whether or not to go within the next two weeks."

AMNA NAWAZ: That's as the war between Israel and Iran rages on, inflicting a heavier and heavier toll as the conflict reached its seventh day.

Iranian strikes injured dozens of people at Soroka Medical Center, the largest hospital in Southern Israel.

No one was killed as patients were evacuated on gurneys, but entire wings of the facility were left in tatters.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu toured the damage today.

BENJAMIN NETANYAHU, Israeli Prime Minister: We're targeting military sites.

We're targeting nuclear sites.

We're targeting missile sites.

They're targeting a hospital.

AMNA NAWAZ: Iranian officials claimed they targeted military installations nearby.

Elsewhere, homes and high-rises in Tel Aviv hollowed out from blasts, as hundreds of people have been hurt across Israel.

Meanwhile, in Iran, Israel continued its relentless strikes.

Israel says it's not targeted Iranian civilians, but a U.S.-based Iranian human rights group says hundreds have been killed.

The Tehran Times memorializing the victims, entire families, an 8-year-old gymnast, a young flight attendant, and an equestrian champion, among others.

The Israeli military points to strikes on nuclear targets, releasing video it claims shows a direct hit on the Arak heavy-water reactor, a potentially critical component of Iran's nuclear program.

Iranian state TV said there was - - quote -- "no radiation danger" from the strike.

Israel's defense minister today fanned the flames, calling for the assassination of Iran's supreme leader, Ali Khamenei.

ISRAEL KATZ, Israeli Defense Minister (through translator): We decided on the goals of the war.

The goals are to eliminate the nuclear threat.

But amid this, the IDF has been instructed and knows that in order to achieve all of its goals, this man absolutely should not continue to exist.

AMNA NAWAZ: Russian President Vladimir Putin, a key Iran ally, also issued a warning that the U.S. not get militarily involved.

Tomorrow, in Geneva, a first opportunity to lower the temperature.

Iran's foreign minister says he will pursue talks with his European counterparts, talks that the White House says it will be watching.

KAROLINE LEAVITT: The president is always interested in a diplomatic solution to the problems and the global conflicts in this world.

Again, he is a peacemaker in chief.

He is the peace through strength president.

And so, if there's a chance for diplomacy, the president's always going to grab it.

AMNA NAWAZ: And we take a closer look at the state of play in the Israel-Iran war with Abbas Milani.

He's director of the Iranian Studies Program at Stanford University.

Welcome to the "News Hour."

Thanks for joining us.

ABBAS MILANI, Stanford University: Thank you for having me.

AMNA NAWAZ: So what do you make of President Trump's wait-and-see approach here, this idea that he's going to make a decision on whether or not the U.S. will join Israel's war in Iran within two weeks?

ABBAS MILANI: I think he is exactly, as you suggest, opting for a wait-and-see.

I think he thinks the Israelis are very close to achieving what they have set out to do, which is dismantle much of the Iranian nuclear program.

I think he sees the Iranian regime as rather weak, probably the weakest it has ever been, and wants to maybe make a deal when the regime is even weaker and then declare victory.

He doesn't want, I think, to get involved in a war with Iran or anywhere in the Middle East, as he has often said.

But he might be forced to make a choice sooner than later.

AMNA NAWAZ: You say you think the Iranian regime is as weak as it's ever been.

Is that why you believe they might be incentivized to come back to the negotiating table at this point?

ABBAS MILANI: I think so.

I think the Iranian regime is really practically the weakest it has been.

But if you read the rhetoric, it is very much like Saddam Hussein's rhetoric just before the fall.

I was just reading some of the announcements on the sites close to the IRGC.

You would literally think that they have won the war, that Netanyahu is on his, I'm almost quoting, death throes, that people are fleeing Israel en masse, and that Israel is desperate, Israel is desperate for a peace.

That's what they're telling their bases at home and in their Web sites.

The reality to me is the exact opposite.

AMNA NAWAZ: So play that out for us a little bit here.

What kind of deal do you foresee that would allow both President Trump to be able to declare victory here in the United States and also allow the ayatollah and the Iranian regime to not look like they're capitulating, to save face back home?

ABBAS MILANI: I think that's for them the only important thing at this stage.

They're willing to make almost any concession, but so long as they can sell it to their base as a victory.

And that I think would be for them to maintain some minimal sense of enrichment.

Mr. Khamenei is deeply attached to his enrichment program.

And accepting some kind of even semblance of enrichment I think will allow him to say, we didn't capitulate.

We kept our program.

And Israel is the loser and we are the winner.

AMNA NAWAZ: And do you believe that the Iranian leadership would even engage in talks or agree to anything while they're still fighting, while an Israeli bombing campaign is still going on, or would there need to be a cessation in fighting?

And the question attached to that is, do you believe that Prime Minister Netanyahu would agree to that?

ABBAS MILANI: Well, I clearly think the regime has been negotiating.

I think they have been sending signals.

They have been negotiating with Europeans.

They have apparently been negotiating with the U.S. What the regime says often is not the same as what the regime does.

What the regime does in private behind closed doors is to negotiate, to try to see whether they can get a deal, but publicly they continue to repeat their bombastic rhetoric.

So I think they are negotiating.

I think they can maybe achieve a deal that Mr. Trump might be happy with.

I'm not sure about Mr. Netanyahu.

But if it goes on for long, I think Mr. Netanyahu, under international pressure and under maybe some pressure from home with the increase of the number of people who are killed or injured, he too might decide that peace is inevitable, at least a short peace is inevitable.

But I don't think any deal that the regime makes is going to save it for long, because I think the day after the deal there will be a political reckoning in Iran about taking Iran to a war that was unnecessary, unwanted.

I know people are rightly angry at Mr. Netanyahu for attacking Iran, but I think once that reckoning comes people will ask Mr. Khamenei, why did you take the country to a war that you knew we are not going to win?

It was an unnecessary war.

And why didn't you support even your own folks?

I just read before I came on a comment by Mr. Rezaee, the old commander of the IRGC for 18 years.

He said we have known for weeks that Israel was about to attack, so we have moved all of our enriched uranium, we have moved all of our sensitive equipment from the sites that Israel has hit.

That's a stupid thing to say, and I think is unreliable.

People will ask, why didn't you support your own people?

Why didn't you support the people of Iran?

Why didn't you think about shelters for the people of Iran if you knew for several months that attack was inevitable?

AMNA NAWAZ: Abbas, it sounds as if you're saying the threats to the regime here are very real, regardless of whether this moves through talks and to a deal or not.

What does that political reckoning look like?

Is there an opposition in Iran that could leverage this moment and step in?

ABBAS MILANI: I think there's a great deal of opposition to this regime.

If you look at the women's movement in Iran, they basically forced this regime to back down on the question of forced hijab.

There are hundreds of strikes in Iran over the last few months.

There are people who are fighting this regime every day.

There's disorganized opposition.

I think there's a great majority of people who say, enough is enough.

We don't want this regime.

But at the same time, they want the bombing to end.

Clearly, very, very few people I know would say, let's continue bombing.

Let's kill innocent civilians in Iran.

But once that stops -- and it will stop.

And I hope it stops sooner.

People will ask those questions.

People will ask questions from Mr. Khamenei.

And, to me, Mr. Khamenei's political capital is all but gone.

His regime, I think -- regardless of whether they make a deal or not, his regime, his constellation, his dogmatism, his antisemitism, his anti-alleged Zionist rhetoric, his promise of a war, his promise of a destruction of Israel, all of these, I think, will soon be a matter of history.

AMNA NAWAZ: Abbas Milani, director of the Iranian Studies Program at Stanford University, thank you so much for your time.

Appreciate it.

ABBAS MILANI: My pleasure.

GEOFF BENNETT: And we start today's other headlines here at home, where the official start of summer tomorrow is expected to bring a stifling heat wave across much of the country.

Already, large parts of the Western U.S. and the Upper Midwest are under extreme heat alerts.

Temperatures this weekend are expected to hit triple digits in some places, while dangerously high humidity will make it feel even hotter.

The extreme heat is expected to push east next week.

Meantime, Indiana is cleaning up after a line of severe storms blasted through the state yesterday, knocking out power for tens of thousands of customers, while flooding and rockslides closed a section of Interstate 40 near the Tennessee-North Carolina state line.

Hurricane Erick is making its way inland across Southern Mexico after making landfall this morning as a Category 3 storm.

It narrowly missed the resort areas of Acapulco and Puerto Escondido, crashing into a less populated area with top winds of 125 miles per hour.

Along the way, Erick smashed beachfront restaurants and fishing boats in Oaxaca state.

Forecasters expect the storm to weaken as it moves further inland and hits coastal mountains.

There are no reports of injuries or deaths so far.

Spain is rejecting a NATO proposal due next week that calls on member nations to commit 5 percent of GDP to defense spending.

Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez called that target unreasonable.

In a letter to NATO's secretary-general, he wrote that it would move Spain away from optimal spending and it would hinder the E.U.

's ongoing efforts to strengthen its security.

Spain was already the lowest spender in the 32-member alliance last year, allocating less than 2 percent to defense.

President Trump has pushed the 5 percent target, saying NATO leaders rely too heavily on the U.S. President Trump signed an executive order today allowing TikTok to continue operating in the U.S. for another 90 days.

The announcement on his social media platform allows the government until mid-September to try to negotiate a deal for the social media app, which is owned by China's ByteDance.

This is the third time the Trump administration has extended the deadline after Congress passed a law last year calling for its sale amid national security concerns.

TikTok currently has about 170 million users in the U.S. An investigation is under way after a SpaceX Starship exploded during preparations for a test flight.

The rocket was still on a test stand at the company's launch site in Southern Texas when it was engulfed in flames late last night.

You see it there.

The company says the Starship experienced what it called a major anomaly, adding that all personnel are safe and accounted for.

The Elon Musk-led company had already launched nine of these rockets in the last two years.

Six of them either exploded on takeoff or broke apart on reentry.

And financial markets and many federal offices were closed today in observance of the Juneteenth holiday.

It marks the day in 1865 when Union troops freed enslaved African Americans in Texas more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation.

The day was marked in many ways.

In New Hampshire, residents of Portsmouth held a ceremony for the rededication of a memorial park that was a burying ground for enslaved Africans.

And in New York, performers from 15 different Broadway shows held a concert in Times Square, among the many commemorations unfolding across the country.

Still to come on the "News Hour": we examine the push to ban members of Congress from trading individual stocks; and a new jazz fellowship honors longtime musicians who often struggle financially.

The Affordable Care Act faces major rollbacks if the president's big spending and tax cut bill is approved by the Senate.

The proposed changes could affect many of the 24 million Americans enrolled in that insurance marketplace and could leave millions of people without coverage.

The House and Senate versions of the so-called one big, beautiful bill differ, but they have key changes in common, including shortening enrollment periods, requiring additional verification and effectively ending automatic renewals of insurance, making health premiums more expensive and higher cost-sharing, and blocking subsidies for many legal immigrants, refugees and those on student visas.

For more, we're joined now by Sarah Kliff, health policy reporter for The New York Times.

Sarah, thanks so much for being here.

So these changes we mentioned, help us understand how significant they would be for people who rely on the Affordable Care Act for insurance coverage.

SARAH KLIFF, The New York Times: They would be quite significant.

It's estimated by the Congressional Budget Office that about four million people would lose health coverage.

That's about one-sixth of the people who currently get Obamacare.

And it's not this big sweeping repeal that Republicans used to talk about.

It's really a suite of policy tweaks that kind of add - - one source that we talked about this, kind of described it as repeal by paper cut, a lot of small tweaks that add up to millions of people likely losing their insurance under this legislation.

GEOFF BENNETT: And Republicans make the case that these changes are necessary because they say there's so much fraud in the marketplace.

What have you found on that front in your reporting?

SARAH KLIFF: Yes, the marketplace has struggled a little bit with certain kinds of fraudulent enrollment.

A lot of this had to do with brokers kind of enrolling people in ways that weren't quite OK.

The Biden administration did on its way out issue some regulations to crack down on that behavior.

And I think what worries advocates with the Affordable Care Act is that this quest to kind of tamp down on fraud, collect a ton of documents, that it's going to mean a lot of people who really should qualify and do qualify are going to kind of get caught in the crosshairs and lose their insurance because there's just so much more red taping being added in the name of kind of rooting out fraud.

GEOFF BENNETT: The four million people who are estimated to lose their coverage, who are they?

SARAH KLIFF: Yes, about a quarter of those are legal immigrants who currently purchase on the marketplaces.

Under the new legislation, these folks, who include asylees, refugees, they would no longer be able to purchase on the market or to use the subsidies on the marketplace to find affordable coverage.

And then there's a pretty big group of people who just aren't going to comply with the paperwork requirements.

One of the really big changes is just a lot more work to get insurance.

So you have to submit all your original documents to the marketplace, versus how it works currently, where the marketplace will ping all these government databases, kind of check for you if you're eligible.

You have to reenroll each year.

Right now, there's an automatic reenrollment.

So the other folks who are likely to lose coverage are really people who are buying their coverage, but they might not be as on top of their paperwork.

They might not see the renewal notice, and they could end up uninsured that way.

GEOFF BENNETT: Those subsidies you mentioned, many people started getting those tax credits during the pandemic.

What's the Republican argument for discontinuing those?

SARAH KLIFF: Yes, I think the idea is, they feel like it's become too subsidized, that it's almost become too cheap to get insurance, that people should have to pay a little bit more for their coverage.

This was meant to be a pandemic era support, and obviously we have moved on to a different period.

So I think the idea is it got a little too subsidized, and that they want to pull that back, ask folks to chip in a little bit more for their coverage.

GEOFF BENNETT: To your earlier point that the GOP tried to kill the Affordable Care Act legislatively, that didn't work.

I think there were more than 70 votes in the U.S. Congress during President Trump's first term.

Now this effort to dismantle it piece by piece, how effective might that be?

SARAH KLIFF: I think it'll be decently effective.

I don't think it'll disappear.

I think Obamacare is still going to be here.

Enrollment right now is at an all-time high.

It's at 24 million people, which is about quadruple where it was the first year it launched in 2014.

So it's really working quite well right now, a lot of people getting coverage.

I think it'll just get smaller.

You will see fewer people getting coverage.

Premiums might go up, because the people who are most likely not to fill out their paperwork are kind of younger, healthier people who are going to be less attuned to their health insurance, whereas the people who really need it are going to jump through the hoops.

So you might see some destabilization to some level by the fact that you have more expensive people in the marketplaces.

And that drives up premiums for everybody.

GEOFF BENNETT: And when you add these changes to the potential changes coming to the Medicaid system, I mean, what does the health care landscape, the health insurance landscape look like for people who are low to moderate income?

SARAH KLIFF: Yes, you layer in the Medicaid changes and then we're talking about like a fundamental change to our social safety net.

We're getting up to 10 million or so people losing insurance because of the House legislation and because of the expiration of those extra tax credits you mentioned, another five or so million.

So really we'd be looking at the first increase in the uninsured rate in the United States in over a decade.

I think it'd be quite significant when you pair it with the really significant nearly trillion-dollar Medicaid cuts that are contained within this legislation.

GEOFF BENNETT: Sarah Kliff, health policy reporter for The New York Times, thanks again for your time this evening.

We appreciate it.

SARAH KLIFF: Thank you.

GEOFF BENNETT: A recent Wall Street Journal analysis reveals a surge in stock trading by lawmakers and their families in early April, as President Trump's shifting stance on tariffs sent markets into turmoil.

AMNA NAWAZ: But while some members cashed in, others are looking to highlight lawmakers' trades and bar Congress from betting on Wall Street.

Lisa Desjardins has that story.

LISA DESJARDINS: From his office in Los Angeles, 29-year-old Chris Josephs is changing the way people see wealth and power.

CHRIS JOSEPHS, Co-Founder, Autopilot: I didn't aspire to be an expert of what Nancy Pelosi or other politicians are stock trading on a day-to-day basis, but it's been an incredible ride.

LISA DESJARDINS: A few years ago, he saw news stories about members of Congress making big stock trades during COVID.

KRISTEN WELKER, Moderator, "Meet the Press": Senators are under a microscope for selling off stocks.

TUCKER CARLSON, Former FOX News Anchor: Betraying your country in a time of crisis.

ARI MELBER, MSNBC Host: The first Washington scandal of the coronavirus era.

LISA DESJARDINS: And while they must disclose their trades within 45 days and they can't use insider knowledge, lawmakers are free to trade on stocks for industries they oversee or write legislation about.

Josephs got on his computer and launched a name and sometimes shame effort on Twitter, the Pelosi Tracker, highlighting some trades by lawmakers and their families, including former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi's husband, Paul.

The idea took off and so did the profits for tens of thousands who followed the account and Joseph's Autopilot app.

The Pelosi trades are the most popular of many lawmaker choices.

Seeing it all, Josephs questions if this is fair play.

CHRIS JOSEPHS: Everything that we have on the data size points to these politicians from when we have been tracking them have done a great job trading stocks.

We think there is alpha.

LISA DESJARDINS: For those who don't know, alpha means?

CHRIS JOSEPHS: An edge.

REP. SETH MAGAZINER (D-RI): This is exactly the kind of thing that makes people lose trust in their government, and we need to end it.

LISA DESJARDINS: Rhode Island Democratic Congressman Seth Magaziner is a main sponsor of the TRUST in Congress Act, which would ban members of Congress and their families from trading individual stocks.

REP. SETH MAGAZINER: Members of Congress, when we make decisions about how to vote on a bill, we should be making decisions based on what we think is best for the American people, not what is best for our investment accounts.

LISA DESJARDINS: The liberal is part of an unusual coalition.

His main cosponsor is conservative Chip Roy, and working with them are moderate Republican Brian Fitzpatrick and progressive lawmakers Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Pramila Jayapal.

The effort is getting new attention in light of President Trump's own actions.

Ahead of his tariff pause on April 9, Trump posted on a social media platform: "This is a great time to buy stocks."

That day and the day before, Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene, who discloses her trades immediately, bought stock in nearly 20 companies and sold tens of thousands of U.S. Treasury bonds.

Others have done well in general.

Autopilot trackers have Paul Pelosi up more than 15 percent over the past year, Texas Republican Dan Crenshaw over 18, and New York Democrat Dan Goldman not far behind.

But some Congress watchers say those are defensible gains and a stock trade ban would be a mistake.

So, ethically, do you think members of Congress should be trading stocks at all?

J.W.

VERRET, George Mason University: I don't think they should be trading it based on information they learn through their job, but I think it's fine to trade stocks, sure.

LISA DESJARDINS: J.W.

Verret is a former Hill staffer, conservative and George Mason law professor specializing in banking and securities law.

He says plenty of lawmakers may think they have an edge on Wall Street.

J.W.

VERRET: Members of leadership do have actionable information from time to time.

Your average backbencher doesn't have much information.

For your average member of Congress, they're going to earn an above-average return just by being in the upper-income category and using a financial adviser.

LISA DESJARDINS: Verret says voters already can see members' trades and act on possible conflicts.

His big concern with the ban is that the White House would enforce it and could target specific opponents in Congress.

J.W.

VERRET: I am more comfortable with Congress policing itself for ethics issues.

LISA DESJARDINS: The idea of a trading ban has some very big backers, including Pelosi herself, President Trump, and Democratic Leaders Schumer and Jeffries.

It also polls north of 80 percent across parties.

The question is, will it get a chance to advance in Congress?

REP. SETH MAGAZINER: I believe that if this gets to the floor it will pass by a wide margin.

We have bipartisan support, Republicans and Democrats who support this.

The American people support it.

But Speaker Johnson is the gatekeeper.

LISA DESJARDINS: Johnson has not committed to bringing a ban to a vote, but he supports the bill, ish.

REP. MIKE JOHNSON (R-LA): The counterargument is -- and I have some sympathy -- look, at least let them, like, engage in some stock trading so that they can continue to take care of their family.

But, on balance, my view is, we probably should do that, because I think it's been abused in the past.

LISA DESJARDINS: In the present, unelected Americans like Mason Graetz are trying to benefit.

The Minneapolis engineer has used the tracker and the app to trade off Paul Pelosi's picks for a year and recently checked his accounts.

MASON GRAETZ, Autopilot User: I believe my portfolio was at about 50 percent return.

LISA DESJARDINS: Five-zero percent?

MASON GRAETZ: Correct, yes.

LISA DESJARDINS: Those are incredible returns, but, to Mason, disturbing.

Based on what he's seen, he wants the Congress stock ban.

MASON GRAETZ: A small portion of voters are looking into and are seeing a lot of discrepancies and similarities between the legislation that they're directly working on and the stocks that they are buying as a result of that.

So I think that's a major issue that we need to address.

LISA DESJARDINS: It's a financial price he's willing to pay to gain more trust in Congress.

For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Lisa Desjardins.

GEOFF BENNETT: Speaker Emerita Pelosi and Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene declined our interview requests for this story.

In a statement, Pelosi's team tells us she has no involvement in any of her husband's transactions.

A spokesperson for Greene says all of her investments are controlled by a financial adviser, noting she normally finds out about trades when the media comes calling.

AMNA NAWAZ: The sweeping tariffs imposed by President Trump are already impacting the global economy.

But if tariffs are meant to bring jobs home, what happens if the U.S. may no longer have all the tools to do the work?

GEOFF BENNETT: Economics correspondent Paul Solman reports on the hurdles faced when one Alabama company tried to make a product entirely in America and what it suggests about the challenges ahead.

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United States: So we're going to have made in the USA like we haven't had before in a long time.

MAN: More consumers are searching for made-in-the-USA labels.

PAUL SOLMAN: The economic battle cry these days.

WORKERS: Made in America!

MAN: Buy made in America.

PAUL SOLMAN: Sounds great.

DONALD TRUMP: The days of making our parts all over the world because we have wonderful partners, no, it's America first now.

PAUL SOLMAN: And even before President Trump began announcing tariffs to bring back American manufacturing, in Huntsville, Alabama, Destin Sandlin was already on the case.

DESTIN SANDLIN, Host, "Smarter Every Day": Is it possible to make something in America and be competitive in the marketplace?

PAUL SOLMAN: Sandlin is a rocket scientist and engineer who used to test missiles for the military.

He now hosts the wildly popular "Smarter Every Day" series on YouTube, more than 11 million subscribers.

He's explored everything from why humans don't die at birth, to how to survive an underwater helicopter crash, to what happens to a baseball when it goes past the speed of sound.

How do you come up with topics?

DESTIN SANDLIN: That's just whatever I'm interested in.

That's the only requirement.

PAUL SOLMAN: His off-the-wall latest experiment, to manufacture a product, every single part of which is made in the USA.

DESTIN SANDLIN: Could we even do it?

Could we make the tools necessary to make things in America?

PAUL SOLMAN: The idea was sparked by the pandemic and a critical shortage in his community.

DESTIN SANDLIN: We needed personal protective equipment for medical workers and we couldn't get it.

Like, we were waiting on people to fly things into us from other countries.

We couldn't make it.

And that scared the fire out of me.

PAUL SOLMAN: Sandlin and other local engineers organized an effort to 3-D print the desperately needed products.

Not long after, Sandlin met Alabama businessman John Youngblood, who wanted to make a barbecue grill scrubber using chain mail, instead of the standard bristles, which: JOHN YOUNGBLOOD, Owner, JJGeorge: Those metal bristles, like a wire brush... PAUL SOLMAN: Yes.

Yes.

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: ... will break off and people are swallowing them.

PAUL SOLMAN: Really?

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: And then you're going to the doctor.

If you ask any E.R.

doctor, everybody's seen it.

PAUL SOLMAN: Sandlin saw his opportunity.

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: Destin asked me straight up, he's like, hey, would you be willing to go in with me on this product and we can make it all here in the U.S.?

And I was like, absolutely.

DESTIN SANDLIN: I don't think John would have said yes to me if the potential to market on YouTube wasn't there.

PAUL SOLMAN: But it was.

And so, in 2021, the pair set out.

CHRIS ROBSON, The Robson Company, Inc.: So I guided them how to mold and how to make molds.

PAUL SOLMAN: They lucked out at first, finding tool and diemaker Chris Robson, about to turn 70.

CHRIS ROBSON: So, when they finished the molds, we checked them out, made sure everything was going to work for us.

PAUL SOLMAN: And they started making some of the scrubbers first parts.

But, says Sandlin: DESTIN SANDLIN: Manufacturing capacity in America has been gutted.

If Chris had decided to retire before I needed that mold made, we would not have been able to make an injection mold in my area.

PAUL SOLMAN: Or who knows where, given the state of manufacturing in the U.S. CHRIS ROBSON: Tool and die trade is suffering greatly by the fact that we're losing tool and diemakers.

Most of them are about my age.

We don't have any younger people stepping up to take the place of the people that are retiring.

PAUL SOLMAN: And when they look for the simplest part, a plain old steel bolt that would also be made in America: JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: This little stainless steel bolt right here is a one-inch bolt.

DESTIN SANDLIN: I talked to a bolt manufacturer, and he said, yes, we can't get the material for that.

We can't even buy the steel to make the bolt for that cost.

So, good luck.

Also, I think what you're doing is great young man in Alabama, but I don't think you're going to get there.

PAUL SOLMAN: Eventually, they found a bolt maker in Massachusetts.

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: We could buy that bolt for a nickel made overseas and we pay 38 cents a piece for these bolts.

PAUL SOLMAN: As for the scrubbers steel handle... And how many parts do you make here, would you guess?

WESTON COLEMAN, T&C Stamping, Inc.: Tens of millions.

PAUL SOLMAN: Enter Weston Coleman at T&C Stamping, in Athens, Alabama.

WESTON COLEMAN: So the first station, we actually bend of the handle down.

We just make sure this handle is wrapped fully around on the end.

PAUL SOLMAN: But doing the work in America costs way more than, say, in China.

WESTON COLEMAN: For every dollar that we would quote a bill for, they're quoting it for 25 cents.

PAUL SOLMAN: Though, long term, Coleman says, offshoring has its own costs even before adding possible tariffs.

WESTON COLEMAN: There's hidden costs.

There's maintenance costs.

There's going to be quality issues, and quality costs money, especially if it's a long-term part.

John Youngblood and Destin Sandlin, they want this to be a long-term part and a long-term business partnership.

And 10 years down the road, they're no telling what the tooling costs and maintenance costs are going to be on an overseas tool.

PAUL SOLMAN: In short, another example of manufacturing myopia in America, but, so far, all parts made in America, including the molded knob that holds the scrubber to the handle, or so they thought.

DESTIN SANDLIN: This was originally supposed to be made in America, but the box came in, and they said made in Costa Rica.

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: That's right.

That's right.

We thought they were made in Mississippi.

PAUL SOLMAN: They were not.

DESTIN SANDLIN: One of the things we're realizing is, the only things we can verify are made in America are the things that we 100 percent control the supply chain of, because we manufactured it or watched it being manufactured.

Wouldn't you say that?

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: That's right.

PAUL SOLMAN: As for that American bolt that cost them 38 cents?

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: We have been told it's made in America.

And, I mean, maybe we're a little naive to believe it.

PAUL SOLMAN: Well, who told you?

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: The supplier.

And we have searched low and high.

DESTIN SANDLIN: Yes.

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: And I do believe the bolt's made here, especially with that 38 cent price point.

(LAUGHTER) PAUL SOLMAN: But they're not sure.

OK, four years on, the scrubber is for sale online for $75, a little less at a local Alabama grill store.

JASON PEASLEE, Southern Hearth and Grills: So we have been in business since 1982.

PAUL SOLMAN: But given the sky high costs of made in America, will anyone buy it?

Are they selling or?

JASON PEASLEE: Yes.

I wouldn't say necessarily like hotcakes because grill brushes are not necessarily the hottest commodity right now, but they are selling.

PAUL SOLMAN: So this is how much?

JASON PEASLEE: Sixty dollars.

PAUL SOLMAN: And what's the competition?

JASON PEASLEE: The probably closest thing on this would be this triple row brush from Napoleon.

PAUL SOLMAN: And how much is this?

JASON PEASLEE: Twenty-one.

PAUL SOLMAN: Thrice the price, but worth it says salesman Jason Peaslee.

Is it a selling point that this is just made in America?

JASON PEASLEE: Absolutely.

PAUL SOLMAN: But four long years, a lofty price tag because of made in America, and yet still not everything is.

When you started this, did you realize what a challenge it was going to be, things like this?

DESTIN SANDLIN: No.

It's a hard thing to do.

Like, making something in America is very, very difficult.

And you almost have to go against the economic forces to try to make it happen.

Would you agree?

JOHN YOUNGBLOOD: A hundred percent.

DESTIN SANDLIN: It's similar to -- it's a hybrid of the design that you and I talked about.

So... PAUL SOLMAN: Still, they have gone back to Robson, whose laser gives the scrubber its proud final flourish, made in the USA.

He will now help make new all-American knobs.

So, in the end, a kick-start to a made in America renaissance?

DESTIN SANDLIN: We're not going to turn around American manufacturing with a grill scrubber being made in Alabama.

It's not going to happen.

But we might excite somebody in Nebraska.

And I think that's important, because I think the future is for people who make things.

PAUL SOLMAN: I think everybody in the audience would be sympathetic to what you're saying.

But I think they'd also be skeptical that we could turn things around.

DESTIN SANDLIN: It's never going to happen if you don't try.

So someone has to be stubborn enough to try it and see what happens.

PAUL SOLMAN: Stubbornness, a product still very much made in America.

For the "PBS News Hour," Paul Solman in Huntsville, Alabama.

GEOFF BENNETT: The lack of legal clarity around consent laws in the U.S. means that many sexual assaults, especially ones on college campuses and involving alcohol, are not legally crimes.

But Texas lawmakers recently passed legislation to change that.

And the new law is set to take effect in September.

Producer Courtney Norris has our look at the bipartisan bill and the woman it's named after.

COURTNEY NORRIS: Ten years ago, Summer Willis attended a press conference in the U.S. for a fraternity party at the University of Texas at Austin, where she says she was drugged by one man and raped by another.

At the time, Willis was a college sophomore and did not report it.

She would later learn a loophole in the state's consent law meant what happened to her wasn't even considered sexual assault.

SUMMER WILLIS, Sexual Assault Survivor: The loophole my rape fell under was because I voluntarily accepted a drink from one person and another person raped me.

It doesn't count, one, because I voluntarily took a drink and two, because that person, when I entered the party, did not have the intent to rape me, even though someone else did.

COURTNEY NORRIS: In the U.S., there is no national legal definition of consent.

State laws determining the age of consent and what constitutes lack of consent differ.

And how a state defines consent plays a key role in whether an act is legally a crime.

SUMMER WILLIS: I think something cracked inside of me, realizing that, even if I wanted to, even if I went to the police the next day, they would have just turned me around.

COURTNEY NORRIS: Two years ago, Willis decided to speak up and push for legislative reform in Texas.

SUMMER WILLIS: If we have been drugged and made too incapacitated to say no, it doesn't count.

COURTNEY NORRIS: Since telling her story, Willis participated in more than two dozen marathons across the country to raise awareness for sexual assault, one with a mattress on her back and one on her hands and knees to symbolize the struggle of survivors.

Willis' advocacy got the attention of Texas lawmakers.

The Summer Willis Act clarifies, among other things, that sexual assault is without consent if the actor knows or reasonably should know that the other person cannot consent because of intoxication or impairment by any substance.

SUMMER WILLIS: If someone now knows you're intoxicated, that means no.

And I think that will be huge, especially on college campuses.

And I get chills knowing that we're protecting these people.

COURTNEY NORRIS: According to RAINN, a nonprofit that supports survivors of sexual violence, 13 percent of graduate and undergraduate students experience rape or sexual assault in the U.S. STATE SEN. ANGELA PAXTON (R-TX): She didn't want to be here for why she is here, but she has taken tragedy and turned it into triumph.

COURTNEY NORRIS: Willis says her story is just one example of how loopholes can allow sex to be considered consensual, despite consent not being given.

She hopes more states move to update consent laws.

SUMMER WILLIS: The easiest way to describe this bill, the Summer Willis Act, is that it defines consent, but there's a lot of other things that happen when you don't define consent.

And there are 20 states right now that still don't have those definitions.

COURTNEY NORRIS: For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Courtney Norris.

AMNA NAWAZ: Unless you're a longtime jazz aficionado, you might only know the names and music of a handful of stars and legends.

But what about all those who've built a life working in this art form, sometimes struggling, other times reaching bigger audiences, always having the respect and gratitude of their peers?

A new fellowship honors them and offers financial support in their later years.

Senior arts correspondent Jeffrey Brown has that story for our arts and culture series, Canvas.

HERLIN RILEY, Musician: So here it is.

JEFFREY BROWN: At 68 years young, New Orleans-born-and-raised jazz drummer Herlin Riley is ready to bring a smile with his tambourine and back a band on stage, from childhood to today, practicing, performing, teaching.

He's worked hard to make a life in jazz, including playing with the likes of giants such as Wynton Marsalis and Ahmad Jamal.

HERLIN RILEY: It takes commitment.

It takes commitment and also to be -- to recognize where you stand of the people who are around you, your peers.

Am I good enough that I can make a living?

Am I good enough to be accepted?

Am I good enough that I can -- I will be getting the phone calls to make a living?

And... JEFFREY BROWN: Because you don't always know.

HERLIN RILEY: You don't always know.

But I tell my students all the time that, if you're going into music for any other thing other than the passion and the love of it, you should do something else.

JEFFREY BROWN: At a recent concert at New York City Winery, Riley performed as part of the inaugural class of the Jazz Legacies Fellowship, 20 musicians, all 62 and older.

The fellowship comes with $100,000 to use as the musicians want for creative projects they always hope to take on, or for housing, medical and other personal needs.

The four-year program is funded by the Mellon Foundation, for the record, also an underwriter of PBS News, in partnership with the Jazz Foundation of America, and honors seasoned jazz musicians who may not have achieved huge popular success, but have continued to work and contribute to the art form they love.

Another jazz legacy fellow, 90-year-old pianist Valerie Capers.

VALERIE CAPERS, Musician: Ninety years old, that's ridiculous.

JEFFREY BROWN: It's ridiculous, but you're still doing all these things.

So you're not stopping anything.

VALERIE CAPERS: Oh, no.

JEFFREY BROWN: Still at it, but remembering well the early days.

VALERIE CAPERS: My challenges in jazz are to -- as you say, to move into it and to be able to maintain myself for this work, you're right, quite a period of time.

JEFFREY BROWN: Yes.

(LAUGHTER) JEFFREY BROWN: Blind since age 6, Capers studied classical music at the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind.

But she also fell in love with jazz.

Her father was a friend of Fats Waller.

And she recalls having to hide her new passion from her piano teacher.

VALERIE CAPERS: She had no use for dealing with anything that would be jazz or that would be anything like that.

JEFFREY BROWN: Anything but classical music.

VALERIE CAPERS: That's right.

That's right, none whatsoever.

JEFFREY BROWN: Capers ended up taking Saturday classes at Juilliard to get her jazz fill.

VALERIE CAPERS: It was exciting just to be around who were playing this music that I just loved and enjoyed so much.

The music brought smiles and laughter and energy when you would play the music.

They would just enjoy it.

JEFFREY BROWN: Capers went on to a long career, including leading a trio, playing with the likes of Dizzy Gillespie, and decades of teaching.

Another veteran pianist and newly minted fellow, 80-year-old George Cables.

The native New Yorker grew up seeing Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, and John Coltrane and was hooked.

GEORGE CABLES, Musician: Hearing the music is one thing.

Seeing it and being there while it's being made and watching an iconic figure like Thelonious Monk is something else.

JEFFREY BROWN: Through the years, Cables has played with jazz legends including Sonny Rollins and Dexter Gordon.

But his career hasn't been without obstacles, not only keeping up a working routine, but dealing with serious health problems, including a liver-kidney transplant and the amputation of a leg.

GEORGE CABLES: They were there, things that I had to go through in order to do the things that I want to do.

This kind of thing, the music is a wonderful thing to be involved with this music with jazz especially, because it's a living music.

It's always changing.

But the business is kind of difficult.

So it's good to know that there may be fewer things to worry about or to be as concerned about as I may have been.

MELANIE CHARLES, Musician: I feel like the music industry can be a bit ageist.

We have heard time and time again important jazz musicians who shifted the sound, who passed away poor, struggling, had to do a GoFundMe to put them to rest in a proper way.

And that always breaks my heart.

JEFFREY BROWN: Melanie Charles is a jazz singer, flutist, composer and producer.

At 37, she's a generation or two younger than the 20 fellows.

But she says she was honored to be on the selection committee of professional musicians and scholars that picked the first group.

MELANIE CHARLES: If you don't have a cult following, people, you will go to Russia and people will know all your albums, but you're going to go home and you just might struggle financially.

You might not be able to pay your rent or your mortgage, or you might have an album that you want to finish, your life's work, that you have never been able to have the budget to make it happen.

JEFFREY BROWN: A protege of 87-year-old jazz bassist Reggie Workman, who was her teacher in college and one of the 20 musicians selected, Charles says a common thread among the fellows is their commitment to the next generations.

MELANIE CHARLES: A lot of the jazz masters, you find that in the career, they're always hiring younger musicians.

Why is that?

It's because they understand that that fresh sound is so important to pushing the music forward and it keeps them bright and fresh.

JEFFREY BROWN: In fact, several of the band members playing with Valerie Capers at this performance were musicians she's taught.

VALERIE CAPERS: Oh, I get tremendous satisfaction because it's almost like a parenthood in a sense, because you are passing on to others that are close to you who have spent time with you.

JEFFREY BROWN: George Cables says this fellowship has energized him.

He's writing new music, collecting and organizing older works into one volume.

So you're 80 years old, you're still writing music and you're still performing music.

GEORGE CABLES: That's what I do.

That's my life, and that -- actually, that makes -- that gives me breath, that gives me life, that gives me energy.

That makes life worthwhile and meaningful.

JEFFREY BROWN: As for drummer and tambourine man Herlin Riley, he too intends to play on.

(MUSIC) (APPLAUSE) JEFFREY BROWN: Thank you so much.

HERLIN RILEY: Thank you so much, Jeff.

Thanks for having me.

JEFFREY BROWN: For the "PBS News Hour," I'm Jeffrey Brown in New York.

AMNA NAWAZ: Comedian and illustrator Mo Welch has built a career blending sharp humor with emotional honesty.

Her recent special, "Dad Jokes," explores her childhood with a largely absent father, culminating in a road trip to reunite with him after 20 years.

GEOFF BENNETT: In tonight's Brief But Spectacular take, she reflects on family comedy and the lessons we carry from our parents when they show and when they don't.

MO WELCH, Comedian and Illustrator: I never thought that the traumatic stuff was funny because I always loved one-liners.

And the first one-liner from "Dad Jokes" was, I hate dad jokes.

Every time I hear a dad tell a dad joke, I'm so happy that mine abandoned my whole family.

I grew up in Normal, Illinois.

I am the second born of five kids.

There was a gas station a mile away.

It was the only business in town.

My mom worked there.

It was called Turner's.

And she would bring all of us there.

And then eventually the manager was like, you have to stop your day care.

I was a shy kid.

I used to spend all my time drawing, playing basketball, doing things by myself.

My dad was in prison when my older sister was born.

And then I was technically a conjugal visit.

That is how I was made.

I mean, it was like I was built for comedy.

My dad went to prison for stealing TVs from Sears on more than one occasion.

But I guess he stole a big enough and expensive enough TV where he was in there for years.

My dad was physically abusive and mentally abusive.

The last time that we left, he kicked my mom while she was changing my sister's diaper.

And my mom was like, I have had enough.

She left and we never came back.

When I was in college, I was the editorial cartoonist.

And I started comedy and stopped drawing.

The first time I did stand-up, I took a class at the improv theater.

I chugged a few beers and blacked out and killed.

And I was like, this is what I'm going to do forever.

Famously, what happens is you have a few good shows and then you bomb for, I don't know, five years.

After almost 10 years of doing comedy, nothing had happened.

I was staying at my mom's house.

I was like going to the Panera Bread every day.

My sister had a pad of paper downstairs, and I just drew this character that looked really depressed, and my friend had just purchased a house.

And so I just wrote, "My friend just bought a house, and I'm having a pop tart for dinner."

And then I said, oh, I'm going to draw one every day.

And then at the end of the year, I will see how many I have.

And I had like 360.

I jumped up and down the first time I got a cartoon in "The New Yorker."

I was ecstatic.

My latest special is called "Dad Jokes."

It is half-documentary and half stand-up special.

The documentary part follows me traveling from Los Angeles To central Illinois to meet up with my dad, who I haven't seen in 20 years.

QUESTION: Were you scared?

MO WELCH: I was terrified.

You could see my hands just trembling.

He showed up for me, and that was like the first time I really felt like he showed up for me.

Months after, my dad got in a terrible motorcycle accident.

I traveled to Tennessee to go see him.

There was like a little bit of like, he showed up for me to help me, I don't know, see him for the first time.

And then I showed up for him right after that.

I ended up getting married because I fell in love with somebody who was just like, she did have like a great upbringing of, like -- and parents to look to.

And I thought to myself, how I feel about marriage is, if it doesn't work, you can always get divorced.

After becoming a mom, you just realize that it's all about showing up.

Children just need to know that someone has their back.

And that's how I feel with my daughter.

My name is Mo Welch, and this is my Brief But Spectacular take on dad jokes.

AMNA NAWAZ: As always, you can find more Brief But Spectacular videos online at PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

GEOFF BENNETT: And there's a lot more online, including a look at how a drop in the number of international students could affect local and state economies, as the U.S. State Department implements stricter vetting for student visas.

That's at PBS.org/NewsHour.

AMNA NAWAZ: And join us again back here tomorrow night, when we will have our sit-down interview with Carla Hayden, the first female and first African American librarian of Congress, who was fired by President Trump.

And that is the "News Hour" for tonight.

I'm Amna Nawaz.

GEOFF BENNETT: And I'm Geoff Bennett.

For all of us here at the "PBS News Hour," thanks for spending part of your evening with us.