>> male announcer: WELCOME TO TRAVELSCOPE WITH JOSEPH ROSENDO WHERE, EACH WEEK, YOU JOIN US AS WE ACCEPT THE WORLD'S INVITATION TO VISIT.

>> Rosendo: TODAY ON TRAVELSCOPE, I TRACE OUR COUNTRY'S BIRTH IN AMERICA'S HISTORIC TRIANGLE: JAMESTOWN, COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG, AND YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA.

>> announcer: TRAVELSCOPE IS MADE POSSIBLE BY DK EYEWITNESS TRAVEL GUIDES.

DK CITY AND COUNTRY GUIDES FEATURE EVOCATIVE PHOTOS, HOTEL AND DINING CHOICES, GUIDED WALKS, AND TRAVEL ITINERARIES.

DK EYEWITNESS TRAVEL GUIDES: THE GUIDES THAT SHOW YOU WHAT OTHERS ONLY TELL YOU.

[bell dinging] >> Rosendo: WELCOME TO TRAVELSCOPE.

IN 1607, THE ENGLISH ESTABLISHED THEIR FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT IN THE NEW WORLD.

174 YEARS LATER, AT THE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN, THEY SURRENDERED THEIR CLAIM TO THE NEW UNITED STATES.

JOIN ME AS WE EXPLORE JAMESTOWN, WILLIAMSBURG, AND YORKTOWN, AMERICA'S HISTORIC TRIANGLE.

>> FIRE WHEN READY.

[cannons booming] >> FIRE!

[jaunty music] ♪ ♪ >> Rosendo: MY WIFE, JULIE, AND I BEGIN OUR HISTORIC TRIANGLE EXPLORATIONS AT THE JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT WHEN WE CLIMB ABOARD A REPLICA OF THE SHIP THAT BROUGHT THE FIRST ENGLISH COLONISTS TO THE NEW WORLD.

HI, MARK.

>> HELLO, HOW ARE YOU DOING?

>> Rosendo: MARK MAZZOCHI IS ONE OF THE INTERPRETERS HERE AT THE SETTLEMENT, AND HE'S GONNA TELL US ABOUT THE GOOD SHIP DISCOVERY.

>> CORRECT, THE SHIP WE'RE ON IS THE DISCOVERY.

SHE WAS ONE OF THREE SHIPS THAT CAME OVER IN 1607, BROUGHT 21 PASSENGERS FOR THEIR 144-DAY JOURNEY ACROSS THE ATLANTIC OCEAN.

>> Rosendo: OH, WOW.

>> 12 OF THOSE MEN WERE PASSENGERS LIVING DOWN BELOW.

NINE WERE SAILORS.

NOW, OF THOSE SAILORS, HALF ARE GOING TO BE UP HERE WORKING.

HALF WILL BE DOWN BELOW RESTING.

THERE WOULD HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN FOUR MEN UP HERE WORKING THE SHIP AT ANY GIVEN TIME.

>> Rosendo: FOUR MEN...NOT MANY.

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

NOW, IT'S NOT MANY, BUT SHE'S A SMALL SHIP, AND WITH THE FEW OF US ON HERE, WE COULD REALLY GET ALL THE WORK WE NEEDED TO DONE.

>> Rosendo: OKAY, WELL, WE'RE GONNA HELP YOU OUT HERE.

>> ABSOLUTELY, SO LET'S GO AHEAD, AND WE'RE GONNA TAKE THIS WINDLASS HERE, WHICH WE'RE GOING TO USE TO RAISE THE ANCHOR.

>> Rosendo: PUT YOUR BACK INTO IT, MATEYS.

>> OKAY, ONE, TWO, TAKE UP.

TAKE THE STAFFS OUT AND PUT THEM BACK IN.

ONE, TWO, TAKE UP.

ONE, TWO, TAKE UP.

>> Rosendo: AT THE JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT, THROUGH EXHIBITS AND REENACTMENTS, VISITORS LEARN ABOUT THE FIRST COLONISTS' LIFE AMONG THE POWHATAN INDIANS AND WITHIN THE SECURITY OF JAMES FORT.

WELL, THE FIRST THING THE COLONISTS DID WHEN THEY CAME TO JAMESTOWN WAS TO BUILD A FORT TO DEFEND THEMSELVES, AND BRIAN HAS ME ALL OUTFITTED IN WHAT THE WELL-DRESSED SOLDIER OF THAT TIME MIGHT BE WEARING, AND WHAT AM I WEARING HERE, BRIAN?

>> WELL, ONE OF YOUR MOST IMPORTANT PIECES OF EQUIPMENT, OF COURSE, IS GOING TO BE YOUR BODY ARMOR, IN THIS CASE, FAIRLY SIMPLE ARMOR: BREASTPLATE, BACKPLATE, AND A HELMET.

>> Rosendo: ALL RIGHT.

>> WITHOUT THESE, YOU MAY NOT LAST LONG ENOUGH TO USE THE REST OF YOUR EQUIPMENT.

THE MATCHLOCK MUSKET HERE, WHILE STILL REALLY ONLY A SUPPORT WEAPON IN EUROPE, BECOMES THE PRIMARY WEAPON HERE IN VIRGINIA.

THIS IS THE WEAPON THAT REALLY HELPS THE COLONISTS HOLD THEIR OWN HERE IN THIS NEW LAND.

THE BANDOLIER HERE IS YOUR AMMUNITION BELT.

EACH OF THESE CHARGERS IS GONNA CARRY A SHOT'S WORTH OF GUNPOWDER, LIKE A LITTLE MEASURING BOTTLE TO BE POURED DOWN THE BARREL OF THE MUSKET.

BULLETS ARE CARRIED IN A LEATHER POUCH AROUND HERE AT THE BOTTOM, SO YOUR AMMUNITION IS ALREADY MEASURED OUT AHEAD OF TIME, STRUNG OUT ACROSS YOU, EASY TO GET TO.

>> Rosendo: NOW, OBVIOUSLY, YOUR ROLE HERE AS AN INTERPRETER IS TO TELL PEOPLE ABOUT THE MILITARY SIDE OF THIS OPERATION... >> ABSOLUTELY.

>> Rosendo: AND I UNDERSTAND YOU ALSO KNOW HOW TO FIRE THIS LITTLE FELLA.

>> NOW, THIS IS WHERE THE WEAPON GETS INTERESTING.

BEING A MATCHLOCK MUSKET, IT REQUIRES THIS BURNING CORD TO FIRE IT.

YOU CAN SEE, IT'S POSITIONED OVER THAT CLOSED PAN WHERE ALL THAT GUNPOWDER IS.

WHEN I OPEN THAT PAN COVER, EXPOSING THE POWDER, AND SQUEEZE THE TRIGGER, SWINGING THIS ARM, IT'S GONNA PLUNGE THAT EMBER DIRECTLY INTO THE POWDER, AND IT DOES TEND TO BE A BIT ON THE LOUD SIDE.

PRESENT YOUR PIECE AND FIRE.

>> Rosendo: WHILE THIS SETTLEMENT IS A RE-CREATION, HISTORIC JAMESTOWN IS THE REAL MCCOY.

FROM THE SKELETON OF J.R., WHO DIED FROM A MUSKET BALL WOUND TO HIS KNEE, THE VOORHEES ARCHAEARIUM'S EXHIBITS GIVE VISITORS AN INSIDE VIEW INTO THE FIRST SETTLERS' LIFE AND TIMES.

FROM A SUIT OF ARMOR, INDIAN POTTERY, COINS, AND TRINKETS, HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF ARTIFACTS HAVE BEEN UNEARTHED.

AT THE JAMES FORT SITE, IN THE SHADOW OF THE 17TH-CENTURY CHURCH TOWER, THE A.P.V.A.

PRESERVATION DIG GOES ON, MANNED BY ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD SCHOOL VOLUNTEERS AND EXPERTS SUCH AS DR. WILLIAM KELSO.

ARCHAEOLOGY CAN BE ABOUT UNRAVELING A MYSTERY, AND WE'RE AT THE JAMESTOWN FORT, AND THE MYSTERY, DR. KELSO, BEGAN RIGHT HERE AT THIS CHURCH, RIGHT?

>> YES, THIS CHURCH TOWER IS THE ONLY ORIGINAL REMAINING PART OF JAMESTOWN ABOVEGROUND.

EVERYTHING ELSE IS BURIED, AS WE'VE FOUND, AND IT WAS THE KEY TO--AS I CONSIDERED--WHERE TO START DIGGING TO FIND A LOST FORT, A FORT THAT EVERYONE FELT HAD WASHED AWAY INTO THE RIVER AND COULDN'T BE FOUND, BUT THIS TOWER LED ME TO THIS SPACE, AND WE WOUND UP FINDING THAT IT WASN'T ERODED AT ALL.

IN FACT, IT WAS MOSTLY HERE.

>> I HAD MY THREE CHILDREN DOWN HERE LAST YEAR AND OVERHEARD TALK ABOUT FIELD SCHOOL STUFF.

>> Rosendo: AND THAT WAS IT.

>> MY DAUGHTER AND I LOOKED AT EACH OTHER WHILE WE WERE DOWN HERE LAST YEAR LIKE, "WE NEED TO APPLY FOR THIS."

[laughter] >> Rosendo: THIS IS REALLY A PAINSTAKING JOB.

>> WELL, YEAH.

>> Rosendo: YOU'VE GOT A LOT-- YOU'VE GOT TO REALLY BE DEDICATED TO DO THIS.

>> THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT.

YOU'VE GOT TO REALLY CARE ABOUT THE PAST, AND YOU'VE GOT TO CARE ABOUT THINGS FROM THE PAST, BUT THE MINUTE YOU TOUCH SOMETHING LIKE THAT, YOU KNOW, THAT HADN'T BEEN TOUCHED FOR 300 YEARS, 400 YEARS, I MEAN, IT'S AMAZING.

>> Rosendo: YOU'RE RIGHT.

>> SO IT'S ALMOST A TIME MACHINE.

AS CLOSE AS YOU CAN GET.

>> Rosendo: MIKE, HOW DOES THIS SITE FIT INTO HISTORIC JAMESTOWN?

>> WELL, THE JAMESTOWN COLONY FIRST AND FOREMOST WAS ESTABLISHED AS AN ECONOMIC VENTURE.

THEY WERE HERE TO RETURN ON THE INVESTMENT OF THE VIRGINIA COMPANY AND THEIR INVESTORS, AND THE FIRST LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING ATTEMPT WILL BE THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS.

THEY WILL BUILD A GLASSHOUSE, AS JOHN SMITH SAYS, "NYE A MILE," FROM THE JAMES FORT SITE, AND THEY WILL ATTEMPT IN LATE 1608 TO PRODUCE GLASS FOR USE BACK IN ENGLAND.

>> Rosendo: WELL, LET'S GO SEE SOME OF THE GLASSBLOWING TAKING PLACE HERE.

>> OKAY, RIGHT THIS WAY.

THIS IS THE MODERN-DAY GLASSHOUSE UTILIZING THE SAME MATERIALS, THE SAME METHODS THAT THE GLASSBLOWERS WOULD HAVE USED IN 1608.

VISITORS GET A CHANCE TO COME DOWN.

THEY CAN ACTUALLY WATCH PIECES BEING MADE.

THEY MAY BE A LITTLE SURPRISED AT THE WAY THE GLASS LOOKS.

OF COURSE, WE'RE ALL USED TO GLASS BEING CLEAR... >> Rosendo: YES.

>> BUT THE GLASS THAT WAS PRODUCED BY THE COLONISTS IN 1608 WAS GREEN, BECAUSE THAT IS THE NATURAL COLOR OF GLASS.

>> Rosendo: WHEN I THINK BACK, MOST OF THE HISTORIC GLASS I HAVE SEEN IS GREEN.

>> ABSOLUTELY RIGHT.

>> Rosendo: AND PARTICULARLY IF IT WAS USED ON A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS, WHICH MEANS IT WASN'T-- IT WAS A SIMPLE HOME OR A PEOPLE WHO WERE OF MODEST MEANS, AND THEY COULDN'T PAY THE EXTRA TO HAVE THAT CLEAR GLASS OR THE RED GLASS.

>> EXACTLY, AND VIRTUALLY ANY HISTORIC SITE THAT YOU VISIT, IF YOU SEE FURNISHINGS AND GLASS, IT'S ALL USUALLY GOING TO BE THAT GREEN COLOR.

>> Rosendo: NOW, IS THIS OPEN YEAR-ROUND?

>> THEY BLOW GLASS EVERY DAY OF THE YEAR THAT THE SITE IS OPEN, AND IT'S--IT'S GOOD WORK IN JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, GETS A LITTLE BIT WARM IN JULY AND AUGUST TO BE SURE.

>> Rosendo: YEAH, I'M SURE.

>> THE EARLY GLASSBLOWERS I THINK WOULD BE VERY SURPRISED TO SEE HOW SUCCESSFUL GLASSBLOWING HAS BECOME AT JAMESTOWN.

>> Rosendo: FROM HISTORIC JAMESTOWN, WE TRAVEL 10 MILES AND MORE THAN 150 YEARS TO 18TH-CENTURY COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG, THE LIVING HISTORY MUSEUM BEGUN IN 1926 BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER JR.

SO THAT THE FUTURE MAY LEARN FROM THE PAST.

THE ONE MILE BY ONE HALF MILE WILLIAMSBURG AREA IS THE LARGEST HISTORIC MUSEUM IN THE WORLD, AND THE TRICK TO GETTING THE MOST OUT OF THE EXPERIENCE IS TO USE WHAT YOU HEAR AND SEE TO HELP TAKE YOU BACK TO 18TH-CENTURY AMERICA.

[jaunty music] ♪ ♪ IF YOU REMEMBER THE FAIRY TALE, THE SMART PIG BUILT HIS HOUSE OF BRICKS, AND THAT'S WHAT THEY DID HERE IN COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG.

THEY BUILT THEIR HOUSES AND THE TAVERNS AND THEIR STATEHOUSES OF BRICKS, AND JASON WHITEHEAD'S OUR BRICK EXPERT HERE, AND, JASON, HOW DO YOU MAKE A BRICK?

>> PRETTY SIMPLE PROCESS: YOU CAN DIG A HOLE ANYWHERE AROUND HERE AND FIND CLAY, AND THAT'S REALLY ALL YOU NEED TO MAKE A BRICK, A LITTLE BIT OF WATER TO MIX WITH IT TILL IT FEELS RIGHT, AND THEN YOU CAN MAKE BRICKS OUT OF IT.

>> Rosendo: FEELS RIGHT?

I MEAN, HOW DO--HOW DO YOU MIX YOUR BRICKS?

>> BY WALKING THROUGH THE MUD WITH YOUR BARE FEET.

>> Rosendo: THAT'S WHAT I THOUGHT, SO YOU MEANT LITERALLY FEELS RIGHT.

>> TILL IT SQUEEZES BETWEEN YOUR TOES JUST RIGHT.

>> Rosendo: WELL, JULIE AND I ARE HERE TO HELP, SO... >> HEY, WE'VE GOT A JOB FOR YOU.

>> Rosendo: LET'S GO.

>> ALL RIGHT.

>> Rosendo: HERE WE GO.

OOOOH, OH, YOU KNOW, WHEN I WAS A KID, I USED TO PLAY IN THE MUD, BUT I THOUGHT THOSE DAYS WERE OVER.

SO YOU JUST KIND OF KEEP WALKING UP AND FORTH.

YOU COULD WALK SEVERAL MILES... >> MM-HMM.

>> Rosendo: DOING THIS.

>> AND YOU JUST ADD A LITTLE WATER IF IT FEELS A LITTLE DRY.

>> Rosendo: HAVE YOU EVER HAD ANYBODY GET STUCK IN THE MUD?

>> ALL THE TIME.

>> Rosendo: [laughs] ALL THE TIME.

NOW, WHAT DO YOU WITH THESE BRICKS ONCE YOU'RE--YOU'RE NOT STILL BUILDING HOMES HERE IN WILLIAMSBURG--IN COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG.

WHAT DO YOU DO WITH THESE BRICKS?

>> WELL, BELIEVE IT OR NOT, WE STILL ARE BUILDING THINGS HERE AT COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG.

>> Rosendo: OH, ARE YOU?

>> WE HAVE PROJECTS THAT COME UP EVERY NOW AND THEN.

WE HAVE REPAIR WORK TO DO ON THE BUILDINGS THAT ARE ALREADY HERE, NEW PROJECTS THAT COME UP EVENTUALLY, SO WE TEND TO FIND A USE FOR THE BRICKS THAT WE MAKE HERE.

>> Rosendo: GREAT, WELL, I'M GLAD TO HELP.

>> ALL RIGHT.

>> Rosendo: ONE OF THE FAVORITE MODES OF TRANSPORTATION IN WILLIAMSBURG WAS, OF COURSE, THE HORSE, EITHER ON HORSEBACK OR BY CARRIAGE.

NOW, THINK HOW NICE L.A. TRAFFIC WOULD BE IF WE HAD ONE OF THESE.

>> IT WOULD BE SLOW.

>> Rosendo: IT WOULD BE SLOW, BUT IT WOULD BE FUN.

[horse hooves clopping] [upbeat flute music] ♪ ♪ YOU KNOW, I THINK THE WILLIAMSBURG EXPERIENCE--ONE OF THE THINGS THAT I'VE LEARNED HERE IS THAT BALANCE IS SO IMPORTANT, SO YOU HAVE THE MUSIC.

YOU HAVE THE COLORFUL CHARACTERS, AND THEN YOU HAVE ALSO THE IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT TOOK PLACE HERE HISTORICALLY AND SOCIALLY.

>> WELL, I THINK THE WAY IT'S PRESENTED, IT BRINGS IT TO LIFE FOR KIDS.

I WOULD HAVE LOVED TO HAVE BROUGHT MY KIDS HERE WHEN THEY WERE YOUNG, BECAUSE THEY CAN REALLY SEE COLONIAL AMERICA RATHER THAN JUST READ ABOUT IT.

THEY CAN EXPERIENCE IT, AND THAT'S CERTAINLY DONE WELL HERE.

[light fife music] ♪ ♪ >> STRAIGHT ON OUT.

>> HEAR YE, HEAR YE, FROM PHILADELPHIA, A UNANIMOUS DECLARATION FROM OUR REPRESENTATIVES TO THE GRAND CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776, GIVE ATTENDANCE TO THESE WORDS: >> "WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT, THAT ALL MEN"-- >> "THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL."

>> "AND BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOOD PEOPLE OF THESE COLONIES, SOLEMNLY PUBLISH AND DECLARE THAT THESE UNITED COLONIES ARE AND OF RIGHT OUGHT TO BE FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES."

[cheers and applause] >> INDEED, HOW LONG HAS IT TAKEN US TO GET TO THIS POINT IN HISTORY THAT WE SHALL BE ON OUR OWN WITH OUR OWN DESTINY?

>> FIVE YEARS AGO, WHENEVER I'D COME TO THIS TOWN AND PREACH, I WAS THROWN IN JAIL, SEPARATE BAPTIST PREACHER.

THEY NEVER LIKED THE SEPARATE BAPTISTS MUCH HERE, BUT NOW, WITH THIS WAR COMING ON, WELL, A LOT OF CHANGES HAVE BEEN MADE, A LOT OF CHANGES.

>> SO WHAT DOES THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE MEAN TO YOU AS A SLAVE?

>> WELL, TIME WILL TELL.

TIME WILL TELL.

I BELIEVE ALL THINGS WILL COME FOR THE GOODNESS OF HIM UP ABOVE.

>> AMEN.

>> AND IF IT MEAN THAT THE AMERICAN DEFEATING THEM BRITISH, THEN AMEN TO THAT.

>> Rosendo: DID YOU HEAR THE READING OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE?

>> I DID.

>> Rosendo: YEAH, HOW DID THAT STRIKE YOU?

>> IT--SHIVERS WENT UP MY SPINE.

>> Rosendo: YEAH?

>> IT'S MOVING TO HEAR SOMEBODY SAY, "WE DECLARE OURSELVES INDEPENDENT OF ENGLAND," AND TO SEE WHAT THAT MUST HAVE MEANT AT THE TIME, TO THINK ABOUT WHAT THAT MUST HAVE MEANT.

>> Rosendo: ROBERT, HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN HERE DOING THIS?

>> I HAVE BEEN TEACHING, INTERPRETING HISTORY AT COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG FOR 30 YEARS.

>> Rosendo: 30 YEARS.

>> YES, I HAVE.

>> Rosendo: WHAT MADE YOU CONTINUE TO DO--WHAT BROUGHT YOU BACK YEAR AFTER YEAR AFTER YEAR?

>> INTERESTED IN HISTORY, LOVE TO HEAR THE STORIES OF PEOPLE'S LIVES AND TO KNOW THAT THERE WERE AFRICAN-AMERICANS HERE WHO ENDURED SO MUCH, AND THEY SURVIVED.

IT WAS JUST INTRIGUING TO ME, AND THIS PLACE HAS ALWAYS BEEN A MUSEUM THAT EVERY YEAR, YOU LEARN MORE AND MORE, AND THAT'S WHAT I RELISH IN: ALWAYS LEARNING.

[upbeat fife music] ♪ ♪ >> Rosendo: AFTER A DAY OF OBSERVING HISTORY, WE CATCH THE 18TH-CENTURY SPIRIT AND STEP OUTSIDE COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG TO A LOCAL INN TO LEARN HOW TO SHAKE A LEG IN A PROPER REVOLUTIONARY STYLE.

[knocking] >> GOOD EVENING.

>> Rosendo: OH, HI, WE'RE HERE FOR THE DANCING.

>> WONDERFUL, COME ON IN.

>> Rosendo: THANK YOU.

>> THE KIND OF DANCING WE DO HERE, WHICH WE CALL COLONIAL DANCING, IT'S OFFICIALLY CALLED ENGLISH COUNTRY DANCING, AND IT'S THE FOLK DANCE THAT WAS GOING ON 500 YEARS AGO.

THE EARLIEST DANCE WE FOUND IS 1480, SO THAT'S EVEN BEFORE COLUMBUS.

>> Rosendo: HMM.

[upbeat music] ♪ ♪ >> STEP RIGHT, LEFT, TURN AROUND.

START THE OTHER WAY.

>> THIS WAY.

>> TURN.

>> FACE YOUR PARTNER, RIGHT AND THE LEFT, AND TURN AROUND.

>> [laughs] ♪ ♪ [applause] >> Rosendo: THERE ARE PLENTY UP-TO-DATE AMUSEMENTS TO ENJOY IN AMERICA'S HISTORIC TRIANGLE.

BUSCH GARDENS OFFERS A WIDE VARIETY OF THEM.

THERE ARE BOAT CRUISES AND ROLLER COASTERS, THEME GARDENS AND THRILL RIDES AND, AS YOU MIGHT EXPECT, BEER TASTINGS.

GOLF ENTHUSIASTS CAN TRY OUT THE LOCAL GREENS, WHILE WINE CONNOISSEURS CAN, SURPRISINGLY, SAMPLE A DECENT GLASS OF LOCAL WINE.

>> NOW, THIS RIESLING, REALLY, I'M SO PROUD OF IT.

>> OH, AND IT HAS THAT--ALMOST A LITTLE SPARKLE TO IT, A LITTLE SPICY, DEFINITELY.

>> YOU GET A LITTLE BIT OF FLOWER, LIKE, A GERANIUM.

THIS ACTUALLY WENT THROUGH A TEXTBOOK FERMENTATION: VERY SLOW, VERY SMOOTH AT A COOL TEMPERATURE.

>> Rosendo: YOU KNOW, EVERY TRAVEL EXPERIENCE IS A BIG SURPRISE IN WHAT YOU DISCOVER AND WHAT YOU LEARN, AND I'M ABSOLUTELY TOTALLY FLOORED THAT THERE IS A VIRGINIA WINE INDUSTRY, AND BUT THEN, I UNDERSTAND IT GOES BACK HISTORICALLY.

>> WE COULD START WITH THOMAS JEFFERSON, WHICH, I MEAN, YOU DON'T GET MUCH MORE HISTORICAL THAN THAT.

>> Rosendo: ABSOLUTELY, FITS IN WITH THE SURROUNDINGS HERE.

>> YEAH, HONESTLY, I CAN'T SAY HE WAS GOOD AT WHAT HE DID, BUT HIM AND JOHN ADLUM TRIED VERY HARD TO INCORPORATE WINE GROWING AND GRAPE GROWING IN THE COLONIES.

>> Rosendo: WHEREVER YOU GO, THE PAST POPS UP, EVEN ON A DAY KAYAKING EXCURSION ON THE CHICKAHOMINY RIVER.

WOW, IT'S BEAUTIFUL OUT HERE.

>> HEY, MARVIN, I THINK OSPREY NEST IS OVER THERE.

>> WHAT'S THAT?

>> I SAID, I THINK THE OSPREY NEST IS OVER THERE.

>> Rosendo: MARVIN, YOU BROUGHT US OUT ON THE CHICKAHOMINY.

IS THAT CORRECT?

>> THAT'S CORRECT.

WE CAME OUT ON THE CHICKAHOMINY, AND WE WENT UP A LITTLE TRIBUTARY KNOWN AS GORDON CREEK.

>> Rosendo: UH-HUH, IT'S A BEAUTIFUL THING FOR PEOPLE TO DO WHEN THEY COME INTO WILLIAMSBURG.

I DON'T THINK IT'S TOO FAR FROM WILLIAMSBURG, IS IT?

>> NO, IT'S NOT.

IT'S--FROM, ACTUALLY, THE CITY-- MAYBE 10, 12--12 MILES OUT.

IT'S--AND IT'S A REAL GOOD TRIP DOWN THE SCENIC BYWAY ROUTE 5 TOO, AS A MATTER OF FACT, OR THE COLONIAL PARKWAY.

>> Rosendo: YOU KNOW, IT SEEMS LIKE EVERYTHING YOU DO IN THIS AREA HAS SOME KIND OF HISTORIC CONNECTION TO IT.

I'M SURE THERE'S A HISTORIC STORY CONNECTED TO THIS WATERWAY.

>> IT WAS, IN FACT, THE CHICKAHOMINY RIVER THAT JOHN SMITH WAS SAILING UP LOOKING FOR THE PACIFIC OCEAN WHEN HE WAS CAPTURED BY THE INDIANS, AND THAT, OF COURSE, LED TO THE LEGENDARY TALE OF JOHN SMITH AND POCAHONTAS.

>> Rosendo: RESCUED BY POCAHONTAS.

>> HISTORY BOOKS TELL THE REST OF IT.

[laughter] >> Rosendo: NOW, OF COURSE, TODAY PEOPLE USE THIS FOR RECREATION.

WE'VE JUST SEEN SOME BEAUTIFUL BIRDS, SAW A HAWK AND A BLUE HERON, AND I UNDERSTAND WE MIGHT GET A LOOK AT A BALD EAGLE.

>> I DO THINK WE'LL SEE SOME OSPREY, WHICH ARE RELATED TO THE EAGLES.

IT'S NOT QUITE AS GOOD AS SEEING AN EAGLE, BUT IT'S STILL A NICE BIRD TO OBSERVE.

>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR BRINGING US OUT.

>> YOU'RE WELCOME.

GLAD TO HAVE YOU.

[gentle violin music] ♪ ♪ >> Rosendo: IT'S SEPTEMBER 1781, AND GENERAL WASHINGTON AND THE FORCES OF THE COLONIAL ARMY ARE GATHERING IN WILLIAMSBURG IN PREPARATION OF THEIR ATTACK ON YORKTOWN.

GENERAL WASHINGTON, HOW ARE THE PREPARATIONS GOING?

>> EXCELLENT WELL, SIR.

WE HAVE NOT STOOD IN SUCH STRONG POSITION THROUGH MOST OF THIS WAR AS WE PRESENTLY DO, WHICH IS MORE REMARKABLE WHEN ONE REMEMBERS THAT ONLY MONTHS AGO, OUR CIRCUMSTANCES WERE PERHAPS AS WORSE AS THEY'VE EVER BEEN.

>> Rosendo: WHAT IS THE-- THE SIZE OF THE TWO ARMIES?

>> WE HAVE SOME 19,000 MEN.

THE ENEMY AT YORKTOWN HAVE NO MORE THAN 6,000 MEN AT THEIR COMMAND.

>> Rosendo: HOW IMPORTANT DO YOU FEEL THIS BATTLE IS GOING TO BE IN THE COURSE OF EVENTS?

>> WELL, ONLY PROVIDENCE CAN DETERMINE WHAT THE END EFFECT OF THIS BATTLE WILL BE, BUT I HAVE NO DOUBT, SIR, THAT WE ARE ON THE VERGE OF A GREAT AND IMPORTANT VICTORY AND THAT WE WILL CAPTURE AN ARMY.

[cannons booming] [men yelling] >> Rosendo: WELL, MIKE, WE'RE AT THE CULMINATION OF THE COLONIAL WAR, THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.

ON MY LEFT IS THE COLONIAL ARMY, AND UP HERE ON THESE EMBANKMENTS IS THE BRITISH ARMY.

TELL ME ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED HERE ON THE BATTLEFIELD.

>> HERE AT YORKTOWN BATTLEFIELD, IT WAS ON THESE FIELDS IN OCTOBER OF 1781 THAT THE ISSUE OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE WAS FINALLY DECIDED, FIVE YEARS SINCE THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE HAD BEEN SIGNED BUT NO FINAL RESOLUTION FOR THE COLONIES.

HERE AT YORKTOWN, THE BRITISH ARMY COMES TO MAKE USE OF THE DEEP RIVER PORT AND GET SUPPLIES FOR THEIR ARMY.

GENERAL WASHINGTON BRINGS HIS ARMY.

THE TWO SIDES WILL PUT UP DEFENSIVE POSITIONS, BUILD EARTHWORKS, BRING UP ARTILLERY, AND FOR NINE DAYS AND NIGHTS POUND EACH OTHER WITH THEIR MASSED ARTILLERY, AND AT THE END OF THOSE NINE DAYS, THE BRITISH, RUNNING SHORT ON SUPPLIES AND FOOD AND AMMUNITION, WILL COME TO THE RELUCTANT CONCLUSION THAT THEY HAVE NO CHOICE BUT TO SURRENDER THEIR FORCE HERE AT YORKTOWN.

>> Rosendo: WELL, IT'S ALSO A LOVELY SETTING FOR PEOPLE TO COME OUT.

I'VE SEEN RUNNERS AND HIKERS, AND THERE'S A LOT FOR THEM TO DO HERE.

>> LOTS TO SEE AND DO, AGAIN, 4,000 ACRES, 13 MILES OF DRIVING TOURS, WALKING TRAILS.

FOR THOSE THAT ARE INTERESTED IN HISTORY, OF COURSE, IT'S ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT SPOTS IN AMERICA, BUT FOR FOLKS JUST LOOKING FOR SOME BEAUTIFUL SCENERY, WE'VE GOT PLENTY OF THAT AS WELL.

>> Rosendo: WELL, NOW, THAT LOOKS FAMILIAR.

>> YEAH, THIS IS A HAND OF TOBACCO, AND A HAND OF TOBACCO WAS USUALLY FIVE LEAVES.

THEN THEY'RE TIED WITH THE SIXTH ONE RIGHT THERE.

THAT'S A FINISHED PRODUCT.

>> Rosendo: THIS IS A FINISHED PRODUCT.

>> IT'S A FINISHED PRODUCT.

>> Rosendo: READY TO BE SMOKED.

>> THAT'S READY TO BE SHIPPED TO ENGLAND TO BE CUT UP INTO POWDER AND TURNED INTO SNUFF.

>> Rosendo: WHO DECIDED THIS WAS A GOOD THING TO PLANT?

>> A MAN NAMED JOHN ROLFE BROUGHT THE FIRST SEEDS UP HERE TO VIRGINIA, BUT THE SPANISH AND THE PORTUGUESE WERE THE FIRST IN SOUTH AMERICA TO NOTICE THE INDIANS IN SOUTH AMERICA USING TOBACCO, TOOK THE HABIT BACK TO EUROPE.

IT'S THE SAILORS' FAULT.

>> Rosendo: THOSE DARN SAILORS.

>> YEAH, ALWAYS BLAME IT ON THE SAILORS.

>> Rosendo: FROM YORKTOWN'S HISTORIC GARDENS, WE GET A TASTE OF MODERN-DAY VIRGINIA AT THE WILLIAMSBURG FARMERS' MARKET, WHERE EVERY SATURDAY, LOCAL SHOPPERS FROM HOUSEWIVES TO POPULAR CHEFS GATHER.

THIS LOOKS TO ME LIKE A REALLY HOMEGROWN MARKET, I MEAN, WHERE EVERYTHING HERE IS REALLY FROM THE LOCAL AREA.

IT'S NOT TOO LARGE, AND SO THEY CAN REALLY CONTROL IT AND MAKE SURE THAT EVERYTHING IS DONE LOCALLY.

>> HELLO.

>> Rosendo: HEY, HOW ARE YOU DOING, CHAD?

HOW ARE YOU DOING?

A CHEF'S KITCHEN... >> YEAH, HERE WE ARE.

>> Rosendo: LIVE AND IN PERSON HERE, BUYING THIS STUFF FOR TONIGHT.

>> THE CATFISH IS WHAT, IS THAT FARM-RAISED, OR IS THAT POND-RAISED?

>> NO, THAT'S WILD.

>> IS IT REALLY?

THEY'RE REALLY SMALL.

THOSE LOOK NICE.

>> YEAH, THE CATFISH GO IN THE POTS AFTER THE SOFT CRABS.

>> Rosendo: WHAT'S THE SEASON FOR SOFT-SHELLED CRAB?

>> THE INFLUX OF CRABS IS USUALLY THE FIRST OF MAY, WHEN WE MAKE 2/3 OF OUR INCOME WITH WHAT THEY CALL THE MIGRATION OF CRABS UP THE BAY TO SHED AND MOLT.

>> Rosendo: SO THESE ARE ALL CHESAPEAKE BAY.

>> CHESAPEAKE BAY BLUE CRABS.

>> THERE YOU ARE.

>> Rosendo: WHAT KIND OF A MUSHROOM IS THAT?

>> A WONDERFUL MUSHROOM.

>> Rosendo: A WONDERFUL MUSHROOM.

>> THESE ARE OUR YELLOW GOLD OYSTER MUSHROOMS.

THIS IS AN ITALIAN GRAY OYSTER MUSHROOM.

THEY WERE HARVESTED AT 4:30 THIS MORNING.

>> Rosendo: WOW.

[gentle violin and piano music] ♪ ♪ THANK YOU FOR JOINING ME IN MY VIRGINIA ADVENTURE.

TRAVELSCOPE IS DEDICATED TO INTRODUCING PEOPLE TO PEOPLE, AND USUALLY, THAT MEANS SHARING OUR DISCOVERIES OF DISTANT LANDS AND CULTURES.

DURING OUR VIRGINIA VISIT, WE'VE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO REDISCOVER A BIT OF AMERICA'S PAST, FOR EVEN THOUGH IT IS PART OF OUR NATIONAL CHARACTER TO CAST THE PAST ASIDE AND FOCUS OUR VISION ON THE FUTURE, THERE IS MUCH TO LEARN AND PLENTY TO GAIN FROM UNDERSTANDING WHERE WE BEGAN AND HOW FAR WE'VE COME.

UNTIL NEXT TIME, THIS IS JOSEPH ROSENDO REMINDING YOU OF THE WORDS OF MARK TWAIN: "TRAVEL IS FATAL TO PREJUDICE, BIGOTRY, AND NARROW-MINDEDNESS."

HAPPY TRAVELING.

>> announcer: TRAVELSCOPE IS MADE POSSIBLE BY DK EYEWITNESS TRAVEL GUIDES.

DK CITY AND COUNTRY GUIDES FEATURE EVOCATIVE PHOTOS, HOTEL AND DINING CHOICES, GUIDED WALKS, AND TRAVEL ITINERARIES.

DK EYEWITNESS TRAVEL GUIDES: THE GUIDES THAT SHOW YOU WHAT OTHERS ONLY TELL YOU.

TO ORDER A DVD OF TODAY'S SHOW OR ANY OF JOSEPH'S TRAVELSCOPE ADVENTURES, VISIT: OR CALL: VISIT US AT TRAVELSCOPE.NET TO LEARN MORE ABOUT TRAVELSCOPE AND TO JOIN JOSEPH'S WORLDWIDE ADVENTURES ON HIS BLOG.

KEEP IN TOUCH WITH US: OR EMAIL US AT: >> Rosendo: JOIN ME NEXT TIME ON TRAVELSCOPE, WHEN I BEGIN MY INDIA ADVENTURE IN DELHI AND THEN DIVE HEADFIRST INTO THE HEART OF INDIA AND THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH.

Captioning by Joe at CaptionMax www.captionmax.com [energetic fife music] ♪ ♪